Fences Racism Essay - 1734 Words

By citing the works of August Wilson and Susan Koprince we can try to understand how racism affected the black people of the era and how that affected the way they were to others. In the early 1900s, racism was prominent and wasnt sugarcoated at all. Negros had to deal with several obstacles around this period because of discrimination in certain activities they wanted to participate in. These actions effected many negros because it forced some of them to look at the world with hatred and it limited many of their opportunities in life. Racism is sad reality that continues to affect all types of people and alter their lives. People use racism as a sort of way to point out the differences with their peers and point bias towards a group of†¦show more content†¦Troy doesnt see that by pulling Cory away from achieving his dream at being a football player, he is creating tension and he is not allowing Cory to have a better life than him. If Cory had gotten the opportunity and play ed football in college, he would have been able to get a college education while playing the sport he loves. Troy doesnt see that however because Troy is still affected from the denial he got when he was playing baseball in the negro leagues. Although he cares about Cory and he thinks by preventing him from playing football is only for his own good, that decision wasnt wise because he is basically doing what society did to him which is preventing him from achieving his dreams. Troy aspires to be fighter and a survivor in life and from Roses perspective that shows through his son Cory. Troys true intentions are to show his son that nothing comes easy. The ultimate flaw however is that Troy looks at the world in his perspective. Troy is trying to prevent Cory from going through the same harsh experiences as him but he is unintentional recreating the same obstacles which are preventing Cory from becoming the full potential of himself. Throughout the play, Troy is imposing his will on Cory and he is basically preventing him from being his own man. This causes Cory to have arguments with his dad because they dont agree completely. In the article Baseball as History and Myth in August WilsonsShow MoreRelated Racism Exposed in Fences, by August Wilson Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pages August Wilson’s play Fences brings an introspective view of the world and of Troy Maxson’s family and friends. The title Fences displays many revelations on what the me aning and significance of the impending building of the fence in the Maxson yard represents. Wilson shows how the family and friends of Troy survive in a day to day scenario through good times and bad. Wilson utilizes his main characters as the interpreters of Fences, both literally and figuratively. Racism, confinement, and protectionRead MoreEssay about Relationships, Racism, and Drama in August Wilsons Fences1722 Words   |  7 PagesIn August Wilson’s Fences, relationships were a big part of the story because every character had a different kind of relationship with each other. Troy had a relationship with every character in the play and it was not the same kind of relationship. Troy Have a complicated relationship with every character in the play because troy character is difficult and it cause conflicts with everyone character in Fences (Blumenthal). Troy has a personal relationship with his self and it was kind of a fictitiousRead MoreThemes Of Racism And Poverty1495 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and Poverty By focusing on racism and poverty in the black community, there are elements of both themes in August Wilson’s Fences, Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use,† and Gwendolyn Brooks’ â€Å"What Shall I Give My Children.† By critically evaluating the main characters in each piece, elements of racism and poverty are identified in all three texts. All three of these texts show the hardships blacks experienced and how they suffered. In Fences, â€Å"Everyday Use,† and â€Å"What Shall I Give My Children,†Read MoreThe Shifting Heart Analytical Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pages‘The Shifting Heart’ Analytical Essay- The use of Symbolism â€Å"Racism is man’s gravest threat to man- the maximum of hatred for a minimum of reason.† (Abraham J. Heschel, Jewish philosopher). Richard Beynon’s ‘The Shifting Heart’ was first published in 1960, and insightfully explores the impact of racism. It is based on the lives of the Bianchis, an Italian family living in the suburb of Collingwood, during the post World War II immigration boom. As a literary device, symbolism is the representationRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Cory in The Play Fences by August Wilson1109 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of a fear that was rooted in him nearly eight-teen years earlier. When Troy was released from prison he dreamed of playing Major League Baseball but at that time it was an impossibility because of racial dis he other primary relationship of Fences is that of Troy to his son Cory (Courtney B. Vance) - a promising 17-year-old football player being courted by a college recruiter. Troy himself was once a baseball player in the Negro Leagues - early enough to hit homers off Satchel Paige, tooRead MoreThe Rabbit Proof Fence, Remembering Babylon, And Puddn1391 Words   |  6 PagesFollow the Rabbit Proof Fence, Remembering Babylon, and Puddn’head Wilson all contain numerous references to borders of various kinds, both literal and figurative. Focusing on two of the above texts, answer the following question: what do these borders represent? The ideas of borders, boundaries and border crossings are increasingly employed in a metaphorical sense that does not always refer to the physical border. These borders are progressively used to represent social and cultural boundaries.Read MoreThe Importance Of Being Cultural Competent By Doris Pilkington Garimara1386 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will provide information and outline the importance of being  cultural competent, explore issues the Indigenous community have faced, and explain how Doris Pilkington Garimara drew attention to those problems. Cultural competence means to respect, accept and appreciate all cultures without any form of prejudice (Murphy, 2011). In the early twentieth century, Pilkington highlighted the issues about racism and the Stolen Generations to create awareness about those topics, lead people to respectRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Rose Maxon In Fences By August Wilson1452 Words   |  6 PagesRose Maxon is the female character in the play â⠂¬ËœFences’ by August Wilson. She is married to Troy Maxon and together they have a son named Cory. The play takes place in the 1950s and it focuses on racism, oppression, family problems, unity, and infidelity. Particularly Rose, who is a Black woman in the 50s, without an education, a housewife, and is expected to behave as the caretaker for everyone. Rose Maxon: duties include being a mother/caretaker, house taker, wife. Puts herself aside for everyoneRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By Fences Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAllie Weeks Mrs. Hartwig English 102 30 September 2015 Wilson has drawn from his experiences as a young black American to write the play entitled Fences. Fences describes the plight of black America; to escalate their standing in society from historic slavery to successful self sustaining through their own efforts and skills. â€Å"Significant for the playwright is the connection between the unique values and traditions of African American culture and the ability of its characters to overcome theirRead MoreFences: White People and Troy Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"Fences† August Wilson’s famous play â€Å"Fences† is a drama set in the 1950’s. Being a winner of the Pulitzer Prize for the best play of the year, this play has had many positive responses to blacks and whites in this society. It is about protagonist Troy Maxson as well as his african american family that is filled with drama and excitement. In Wilson’s Fences by Joseph Wessling he expresses, â€Å"Fences is about the always imperfect quest for true manhood. Troy’s father was less of a â€Å"true†

Biography Of Nicolaus Copernicus s Discovery Of...

Ages Through Science In Latin America and Europe, people started to question the Catholic Church and began doubting if the Church was abusing their power. After the Scientific Revolution, philosophical thinkers and scientists discovered new theories, such as gravitational physics laws and other opinions written in books. Nicolaus Copernicus’s discovery of heliocentrism transformed astronomy, his writings changed the people’s perspective of the universe further challenging the Catholic Church’s beliefs. Before Copernicus, people made scientific discoveries such as Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BCE), had already identified the sun as the central unit of the solar system, but his ideas were quickly dismissed due to the overpower of the†¦show more content†¦Most of his theory was correct, but one thing was incorrect, that being the path of orbit is circular. People, during this time, were starting to break out of their shells and learning about new things and ideas, but the Catholic Church, being the basis of life, disapproved. This shows that people wanted to discover and educate themselves, but they couldn’t with the church having power over them. Since Aristarchus’s theory was unprovable during that time since there were no telescopes or satellites, the church quickly dismissed it. In the webpage, â€Å"Nicolaus Copernicus,† it is stated that Aristarchus used the concept of parallax to show that the stars were a very large distance from Earth and to do that he must have expanded the size of the universe enormously. These ideas contradicted what the Bible said, so he was considered a sinner and people didn’t want to agree and fall into the bandwagon. Due to people’s fear of the Church, many people went against their will and didn’t get a chance to discover. During Aristarchus’s time, people suppressed new ideas and became subjects of the church. On the other hand, Aristarchus tried his best to be strong in his ideas, but he didn’t survive. Another astronomer and mathematician before Copernicus was Ptolemy (90-168 AD) who also formed incorrect theories and promoted the Church’s power over the people. In â€Å"Nicolaus Copernicus Biography,† Biography.com editiors wrote that Ptolemy

My First Car Essay Example For Students

My First Car Essay It has been months after I got my license. I have been trying to get a new used car for myself for a long time. After months of research, I have narrowed my choices down to a Toyota Corolla, or a Honda Civic. They both are both very reliable vehicles. They also are great on gas. So, what I did was that I would go on Craigslist every day after school for about 30 minutes. The average price for these cars were about the same. But, I preferred the Civic because, it is more fun to drive. We have looked at some civics over the months. But, all of them had problems. Some were not smogged, some were salvaged, and others had too many miles on them. My dad had a work friend who was also a mechanic. That man helped us find the cars and gave us tips on what to look for and how to know if something was wrong. He was very helpful on this mission. It was a Tuesday afternoon. I had given up on buying this car. Every day, my dad picked me up after school. However, he wasnt there on that day. My uncle took me home and I asked him why my dad wasnt there. He told me that my parents had left to look for this Civic. I was very excited and scared at the same time. After I took my sister home, my parents came with no car. I asked what had happened. My dad told me that his friend had gotten there before them and picked up the car for us. I was very happy. So, my dad went to the bedroom to rest. After about an hour, my dad gets a call. It was his friend on the phone. I asked my dad what he said. He told me that the car had been hit when the friend was doing a test drive. I was sad and heartbroken. I didnt even see the car and it was gone. My dad called his friend and asked if he needed a ride. The friend said he had friends already on their way. My dad felt bad that he had to drive all the way there for nothing. My mom had the same reaction. She felt so bad for the owner that she told my dad to call him and see if he was okay. So, my called the guy. A woman answered. The woman said one thing the car is sold. My dad was confused, he asked her to give the phone to the owner of the car. My dad told him that he genuinely feels sorry that the car was in a car crash. The owner was confused. He said that he sold the car to a man. The buyer that he described matched the description of my dads friend. My dad was furious. He apologized to the person on the phone and got his car keys. My dad went straight to his friends house. There was nothing. So, he went to his friends brothers house. There were a couple of people there looking at a sliver car. My dad said thats the car. They parked the car and wet to the house. The people there were really nervous. My dads friend came out of the house. He had this guilty look on his face. My dad asked why he lied about the car. The guy responded by saying that he was going to clean it up and surprise us. My asked him for the keys and thanked him for all of his help. My parents came back home with two cars. One of them was a silver Civic. I hugged my parents and thanked them. I knew that they went through a lot for that car. .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .postImageUrl , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:hover , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:visited , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:active { border:0!important; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:active , .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14 .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61c1421d43e11aac40c728769182bf14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Modest Proposal Response PaperAfter weeks, my dads friend called us and asked us if we want to sell the car to him. We knew at that moment that he wanted the car all along and that he almost got away with conning us. At the end, we learned some life lessons. The first lesson was to not fully trust anyone you dont really know. If my dad hadnt trusted this man, he wouldnt have taken advantage of us. The second one is that throughout a purchase of something like a car, you have to be physically there to do it. The third lesson we learned was that no matter what someone does to you, don’t do the same thing to another person. Be the better person.

Obligations Essay Example

Obligations Essay OBLIGATIONS From latin words, obligatio/obligare to tie or to bind Juridical necessity enforceable to courts 1) CIVIL (positive) and Natural 2) REQUISITES OF OBLIGATION a) Active creditor / obligee has the right b) Passive debtor / obligor has the duty c) Prestation object / subject matter c. i) Obligation to give (Real Obligation) (c. i. l) Determinate Thing res perit domino thing perishes with the owner (c. i. l . a) Standard care diligence of a good father / if the law so provides, NEVER EXEMPTED (c. i. l . b) Deliver the thing and its fruits Delivery/Tradicion Ownership and other Real Rights are acquired and transmitted (c. i. l . b. i) Fruits of the Thing c. i. l. b. i. l. KINDS c. i. l . b. i. l . a. Natural Fruits -w/ human intervention c. i. l . b. i. l . b. Industrial Fruits cultivation or labor c. i. l . b. i. l . c. Civil Fruits Judicial relation (c. i. l . c) Obligation to deliver arises at the perfection of the contract or at the time of the fulfillment of the condition or expiration of the period. (c. i. l . d) Rights of the creditor (c. i. l . d. i) Real Right no passive subject, therefore enforceable against the world lus in re (c. . l . d. i) Personal Right enforceable against a particular person Jus in personam or Jus ad rem (c. i. l . e) ACCESSIONS additions / improvements (c. i. l. f) ACCESSORIES ornament or make the thing complete (c. i. l . g) Remedies of the Creditor (c. i. l . g. i) Compel to complete obligation (c. i. l . g. ii) Demand damages (c. i. 2) Generic thing genus nunquam perit ge neric thing never perishes (c. i. 2. a) Remedies of the creditor (c. i. 2. a. i) Compel to complete obligation, even if due to fortuitous event (c. i. 2. a. ii) Demand damages c. ii) Obligation to do (Personal Obligation [+]) (c. i. l) Remedies of the creditor (c. i. l . a) Fails to perform or perform but didnt follow what is agreed upon (contravention of the tenor of the obligation) (c. ii. l . a. i) Execute at the expense of the debtor (c. ii. l . a. ii) Demand damages (c. ii. l . b) Perform poorly (c. ii. l . b. i) Whats done be undone at the expense of the debtor (c. ii. l . b. ii) Demand damages the creditor (c. iii. l . a) What is done be undone (c. iii. l . b) Demand damages d) Efficient Cause vinculum Juris / legal or Juridical tie d. i) SOURCES (d. i. l) Law (d. i. l . a) Kinds of Law (d. . l . a. i) State Law Constitution made by the people made by the representative elected Statutes d. i. l . a. i. l. Civil Law d. i. l . a. i. l . a. Obligation and Contracts d. i. l . a. i. l . b. Sales . c. Agency d. i. l . a. i. l . d. Credit Transactions . e. Partnership d. i. l . a. i. 2. Commercial Law d. i. l . a. i. 2. a. Private Corporations d. i. l . a. i. 2. b. Negotiable Instruments Law d. i. l . a. i. 3. Criminal Law d. i. l . a. i. 4. Remedial Law d. i. l . a. i. 5. Political Law d. i. l . a. i. 6. International Law d. i. l . a. i. 7. Labor Law (d. i. l . a. i) Non-State Law d. i. l . a. ii. l. Divine Law -God d. i. l . a. ii. 2. Natural Law Individual d. i. l . a. ii. 3. Moral Law Community d. i. l . a. i. 4. Physical Law Science (d. i. l . b) General Principles and Concepts (d. i. l . b. i) IGNORANTIA LEGIS NON EXCUSAT (d. i. l . b. ii) LEX PROSPICIT NON RESPICIT (d. i. l . b. iii) Obligations derived from law are not presumed (d. i. l . b. iv) Any statute violates constitution is void (d. i. 2) Contracts (d. i. 2. a) Kinds of Contracts (d. i. 2. a. i) Perfection d. i. 2. a. i. 1 . Consensual through consent d. i. 2. a. i. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Obligations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Obligations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Obligations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Formal through public instrument d. i. 2. a. i. 3. Real through delivery (d. i. 2. a. ii) Independent Existence d. i. 2. a. ii. 1. Principal d. i. 2. a. ii. 2. Accessory dependent of another d. i. . a. iii. 1 . Onerous w/ consideration d. i. 2. a. iii. 2. Gratuitous (d. i. 2. a. iv) Designation d. i. 2. a. iv. 1. Nominate d. i. 2. a. iv. 1 . a. Do ut des d. i. 2. a. iv. 2. Innominate d. i. 2. a. iv. 2. a. Do ut des give that you may do BARTER give that you may give BARTER d. i. 2. a. iv. 2. b. Do ut facias d. i. 2. a. iv. 2. c. Facio ut des do that you may give d. i. 2. . iv. 2. d. Facio ut facias do that you may do (d. i. 2. a. v) Number d. i. 2. a. v. 1. Bilateral d. i. 2. a. v. 2. Unilateral (d. i. 2. a. vi) Existence of Defect d. i. 2. a. vi. 1. Perfectly Valid d. i. 2. a. vi. 2. Defective d. i. 2. a. vi. . a. Rescissible d. i. 2. a. vi. 2. b. Voidable valid until annulled d. i. 2. a. vi. 2. c. Unenforceable d. i. 2. a. vi. 3. Void (d. i. 2. b) General Principles and C oncepts (d. i. 2. b. i) Consent, Object, Cause (d. i. 2. b. ii) Perfected by mere consent (d. i. 2. b. iii) In good faith (d. i. 2. b. iv) Void: cannot produce legal effect (d. . 3) Quasi-Contracts (d. i. 3. a) Kinds (d. i. 3. a. i) Negotiorum Gestio property managed (d. i. 3. a. ii) Solutio Indebiti mistaken payment (d. i. 3. a. iii) Others d. i. 3. a. iii. 1 . Money lent d. i. 3. a. iii. 2. Funeral Expense d. i. 3. a. iii. 3. Support to an incapacitated person . i. 3. a. iii. 4. Accident d. i. 3. a. iii. 5. Property Saved d. i. 3. a. iii. 6. Failure to comply d. i. 3. a. iii. 7. Co-ownership d. i. 3. a. iii. 8. Contribution to expenses which he benefited d. i. 3. a. iii. 9. Paid taxes of another (d. i. 3. b) General Principles and Concepts (d. i. 3. b. ) Consent is absent (d. i. 3. b. ii) Prevent unjust enrichments (d. i. 4) Delict / Felony / Crime / MALA (d. i. 4. a) Kinds (d. i. 4. a. i) Mala En Se Wrong by Itself (d. i. 4. a. ii) Mala Prohibita Wrong because it is prohibite d (d. i. 4. b) General Principles and Concepts (d. i. 4. b. i) Act done is punishable by law as a crime d. i. 4. b. ii) Gives rise to Civil and Criminal Obligation unless Justified BY LAW (d. i. 4. b. iii) Maybe exempted from Criminal Liability but not Civil Liability (d. i. 5) Quasi-Delicts / TORTS / Culpa Aquiliana / Civil Negligence (d. i. 5. a) Kinds (d. i. 5. a. ) Single Tortfeasor only one is liable (d. i. 5. a. ii) Joint Tortfeasor more than 1 is liable (d. i. 5. b) General Principles and Concepts (d. i. 5. b. i) PROXIMATE CAUSE DOCTRINE (d. i. 5. b. ii) CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE DOCTRINE reduces liability (d. i. 5. b. iii) DOCTRINE OF LAST CLEAR CHANCE (d. i. 5. b. N) IF CONTRACT EXIST, not a quasi-deltct ) GROUNDS FOR LIABILITY TO PAY DAMAGES (about prestatton) Presumptions: Disputable, there may be rebutted by contrary evidence. Therefore, it can be proven wrong. ***conclusive no evidence to the contrary may be admitted, it cant be proven wrong 1 . Receipt of the principal w/o reservation to interest INTEREST HAS BEEN PAID 2. Receipt of installment w/o reservation to prior installments INSTALLMENTS HAS BEEN PAID INJURY wrongful, unlawful, tortuous act DAMAGES harm done; some of money can be recovered KINDS of Damages 1 . Actual or Compensatory pecuniary loss; value of loss suffered + profit unrealized 2. Moral physical suffering, mental anguish, social humiliation, etc. 3. Nominal to vindicate a right 4. Temperate or Moderate > Nominal; Exemplary or Corrective in addition to other damages a) Fraud or DOLO deliberate or intentional evasion; dishonesty; must be clearly proved; Demandable in all kinds; Negligence in bad faith; a. i) Kinds (a. i. l) Causal Fraud or Dolo Causante From the start vitiates consent therefore, voidable. (a. i. 2) Incidental Fraud or Dolo Incidente After valid contract a. ii) WAIVER (a. i. l) Past Fraud valid (a. ii. 2) Future Fraud void b) Negligence or Culpa unintentional; voluntary act of omission of diligence; recoverable in all kinds b. i) Kinds (b. i. ) Contractual Negligence or Culpa Contractual performance of contract *Master-servant Rule defense of a good father is not a defense on the part of an employer although, it may mitigate liability (b. i. 2) Civil Negligence or Culpa Aquiliania or Quasi-delict acts or omission caused damage *Master-servant Rule NOT APPLICABLE *Master-servant Rule Applicable c) Delay or Default or Mora nonfulfillment, w/ respect to time c. i) Ki nds c. i. l) Mora Solvendi by the debtor; liable if involves a determinate thing in a fortuitous event; liable for interest or damage (c. . l . a) Ex Re w/ real obligation (c. i. l . b) Ex Persona w/ personal obligation (c. i. 2) Mora Accipiendi by the creditor; bears the risk of loss, no right in the interest; consignment (c. i. 3) Compensatio Morae both parties therefore, theres no delay c. ii) Requisites (c. ii. l) Past due (c. ii. 2) Demand exist (c. ii. 3) Does not comply c. iii) When demand is no longer necessary (c. iii. l) Law so provides taxes (c. iii. 2) Expressed written in the contract (c. iii. ) Essence rent a bridal car (c. iii. 4) Useless already destroyed (c. iii. ) In reciprocal obligation d) Contravention of the tenor of the obligation did not follow what is agreed upon e) Fortuitous Event e. i) Kinds (e. i. l) As to Manner of Occurrence (e. i. l . a) Totally Unexpected unforseen (e. i. l . b) Expected forseen but cant be avoided or prevented (e. i. 2) As to its Nature (e. i. 2. a) Acts of Man human will except of the debtor (e. i. 2. b) Acts of God (Force Majeure) independent of human will e. ii) Requisites (e. ii. l) Free from any participation (e. ii. 2) Independent of debtors will (e. ii. ) Impossibility to comply (e. ii. ) Unforeseen or inevitable e. iii) Due to Fortuitous event, still liable: (e. iii. l) Law so provides (e. iii. 2) Expressed or declared or stipulated (e. iii. 3) Nature 4) Claims against Debtor a) Property possession of the debtor sell, proceeds go to creditor b) Accion subrogatoria exercise all rights, bring all action except personal b. i) All rights are transmissible EXCEPTION (b. i. l) Law prohibits general partner (b. i. 2) Parties agreed against stipulation (b. i. 3) By nature is not transmissible scholarship c) Accion Pauliana impugn the acts that was done to defraud creditors

Overview of 1916 During World War 1

Overview of 1916 During World War 1 Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle Planning for 1916 On December 5, 1915, representatives of the Allied powers gathered at the French headquarters in Chantilly to discuss plans for the coming year. Under the nominal leadership of General Joseph Joffre, the meeting came to the conclusion that the minor fronts that had been opened in places such as Salonika and the Middle East would not be reinforced and that the focus would be on mounting coordinating offensives in Europe. The goal of these was to prevent the Central Powers from shifting troops to defeat each offensive in turn. While the Italians sought to renew their efforts along the Isonzo, the Russians, having made good their losses from the previous year, intended to advance into Poland. On the Western Front, Joffre and the new commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), General Sir Douglas Haig, debated strategy. While Joffre initially favored several smaller assaults, Haig desired to launch a major offensive in Flanders. After much discussion, the two decided on a combined offensive along the Somme River, with the British on the north bank and the French on the south. Though both armies had been bled in 1915, they had succeeded in raising large numbers of new troops which allowed the offensive to move forward. Most notable of these were the twenty-four New Army divisions formed under the guidance of Lord Kitchener. Comprised of volunteers, the New Army units were raised under the promise of those who joined together would serve together. As a result, many of the units were comprised of soldiers from the same towns or localities, leading to them being referred to as Chums or Pals battalions. German Plans for 1916 While Austrian Chief of Staff Count Conrad von HÃ ¶tzendorf made plans for attacking Italy through the Trentino, his German counterpart, Erich von Falkenhayn, was looking to the Western Front. Incorrectly believing that the Russians had been effectively defeated the year before at Gorlice-Tarnow, Falkenhayn decided to concentrate Germanys offensive power on knocking France out of the war with the knowledge that with the loss of their main ally, Britain would be forced to sue for peace. To do so, he sought attack the French at a vital point along line and one that they would not be able to retreat from due to issues of strategy and national pride. As a result, he intended to compel the French to commit to a battle that would bleed France white. In assessing his options, Falkenhayn selected Verdun as the target of his operation. Relatively isolated in a salient in the German lines, the French could only reach the city over one road while it was located near several German railheads. Dubbing the plan Operation Gericht (Judgment), Falkenhayn secured Kaiser Wilhelm IIs approval and began massing his troops. The Battle of Verdun A fortress town on the Meuse River, Verdun protected the plains of Champagne and the approaches to Paris. Surrounded by rings of forts and batteries, Verduns defenses had been weakened in 1915, as artillery was shifted to other sections of the line. Falkenhayn intended to launch his offensive on February 12, but it was postponed nine days due to poor weather. Alerted to the attack, the delay allowed the French to reinforce the citys defenses. Surging forward on February 21, the Germans succeeded in driving the French back. Feeding reinforcements into the battle, including General Philippe Petains Second Army, the French began to inflict heavy losses on the Germans as the attackers lost the protection of their own artillery. In March, the Germans changed tactics and assaulted the flanks of Verdun at Le Mort Homme and Cote (Hill) 304. Fighting continued to rage through April and May with Germans slowly advancing, but at a massive cost (Map). The Battle of Jutland As fighting raged at Verdun, the Kaiserliche Marine began planning efforts to break the British blockade of the North Sea. Outnumbered in battleships and battlecruisers, the commander of the High Seas Fleet, Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, hoped to lure part of the British fleet to its doom with the goal of evening the numbers for a larger engagement at a later date. To accomplish this, Scheer intended to have Vice Admiral Franz Hippers scouting force of battlecruisers raid the English coast to draw out Vice Admiral Sir David Beattys Battlecruiser Fleet. Hipper would then retire, luring Beatty towards the High Seas Fleet which would destroy the British ships. Putting this plan into action, Scheer was unaware that British codebreakers had notified his opposite number, Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, that a major operation was in the offing. As a result, Jellicoe sortied with his Grand Fleet to support Beatty. Clashing on May 31, around 2:30 PM on May 31, Beatty was roughly handled by Hipper and lost two battlecruisers. Alerted to the approach of Scheers battleships, Beatty reversed course towards Jellicoe. The resulting fight proved the only major clash between the two nations battleship fleets. Twice crossing Scheers T, Jellicoe compelled the Germans to retire. The battle concluded with confused night actions as the smaller warships met each other in the dark and the British attempted to pursue Scheer (Map). While the Germans succeeded in sinking more tonnage and inflicting higher casualties, the battle itself resulted in a strategic victory for the British. Though the public had sought a triumph similar to Trafalgar, the German efforts at Jutland failed to break the blockade or significantly reduce the Royal Navys numerical advantage in capital ships. Also, the result led to the High Seas Fleet effectively remaining in port for the remainder of the war as the Kaiserliche Marine turned its focus to submarine warfare. Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle The Battle of the Somme As a result of the fighting at Verdun, the Allied plans for an offensive along the Somme were modified to make it a largely British operation. Moving forward with the goal of easing pressure on Verdun, the main push was to come from General Sir Henry Rawlinsons Fourth Army which was largely comprised of Territorial and New Army troops. Preceded by a seven-day bombardment and the detonation of several mines under German strong points, the offensive began at 7:30 AM on July 1. Advancing behind a creeping barrage, British troops encountered heavy German resistance as the preliminary bombardment had been largely ineffective. In all areas the British attack achieved little success or was repulsed outright. On July 1, the BEF suffered over 57,470 casualties (19,240 killed) making it the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army (Map). While the British attempted to restart their offensive, the French component had success south of the Somme. By July 11, Rawlinsons men captured the first line of German trenches. This compelled the Germans to halt their offensive at Verdun in order to reinforce the front along the Somme. For six weeks, fighting became a grinding battle of attrition. On September 15, Haig made a final attempt at a breakthrough at Flers-Courcelette. Achieving limited success, the battle saw the debut of the tank as a weapon. Haig continued to push until the battles conclusion on November 18. In over four months of fighting, the British took 420,000 casualties while the French sustained 200,000. The offensive gained around seven miles of front for the Allies and the Germans lost around 500,000 men. Victory at Verdun With the opening of fighting at the Somme, the pressure on Verdun began to wane as German troops were shifted west. The high water mark of the German advance was reached on July 12, when troops reached Fort Souville. Having held, the French commander in Verdun, General Robert Nivelle, began planning a counter-offensive to push the Germans back from the city. With the failure of his plan to take Verdun and setbacks in the East, Falkenhayn was replaced as chief of staff in August by General Paul von Hindenburg. Making heavy use of artillery barrages, Nivelle began attacking the Germans on October 24. Recapturing key forts on the citys outskirts, the French had success on most fronts. By the end of fighting on December 18, the Germans had effectively been driven back to their original lines. The fighting at Verdun cost the French 161,000 dead, 101,000 missing, and 216,000 wounded, while the Germans lost 142,000 killed and 187,000 wounded. While the Allies were able to replace these losses, the Germans increasingly were not. The Battle of Verdun and the Somme became symbols of sacrifice and determination for the French and British Armies. The Italian Front in 1916 With the war raging on the Western Front, HÃ ¶tzendorf moved forward with his offensive against the Italians. Irate at Italys perceived betrayal of its Triple Alliance responsibilities, HÃ ¶tzendorf opened a punishment offensive by attacking through the mountains of the Trentino on May 15. Striking between Lake Garda and the headwaters of the River Brenta, the Austrians initially overwhelmed the defenders. Recovering, the Italians mounted a heroic defense which halted the offensive at a cost of 147,000 casualties. Despite the losses sustained in the Trentino, the overall Italian commander, Field Marshal Luigi Cadorna, pressed forward with plans for renewing attacks in the Isonzo River valley. Opening the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo in August, the Italians captured the town of Gorizia. The Seventh, Eight, and Ninth battles followed in September, October, and November but gained little ground (Map). Russian Offensives on the Eastern Front Committed to offensives in 1916 by the Chantilly conference, the Russian Stavka began preparations for attacking the Germans along the northern part of the front. Due to additional mobilization and the re-tooling of industry for war, the Russians enjoyed an advantage in both manpower and artillery. The first attacks began on March 18 in response to French appeals to relieve pressure on Verdun. Striking the Germans on either side of Lake Naroch, the Russians sought to retake the town of Vilna in Eastern Poland. Advancing on a narrow front, they made some progress before the Germans began counterattacking. After thirteen days of fighting, the Russians admitted defeat and sustaining 100,000 casualties. In the wake of the failure, the Russian Chief of Staff, General Mikhail Alekseyev convened a meeting to discuss offensive options. During the conference, the new commander of the southern front, General Aleksei Brusilov, proposed an attack against the Austrians. Approved, Brusilov carefully planned his operation and moved forward on June 4. Using new tactics, Brusilovs men attacked on a wide front overwhelmed the Austrian defenders. Seeking to take advantage of Brusilovs success, Alekseyev ordered General Alexei Evert to attack the Germans north of the Pripet Marshes. Hastily prepared, Everts offensive was easily defeated by the Germans. Pressing on, Brusilovs men enjoyed success through early September and inflicted 600,000 casualties on the Austrians and 350,000 on the Germans. Advancing sixty miles, the offensive ended due to a lack of reserves and the need to aid Romania (Map). Romanias Blunder Previously neutral, Romania was enticed to join the Allied cause by a desire to add Transylvania to its borders. Though it had had some success during the Second Balkan War, its military was small and country faced enemies on three sides. Declaring war on August 27, Romanian troops advanced into Transylvania. This was met by a counter-offensive by German and Austrian forces, as well as attacks by the Bulgarians to the south. Quickly overwhelmed, the Romanians retreated, losing Bucharest on December 5, and were forced back to Moldavia where they dug in with Russian assistance (Map). Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle

“Im a huge fan of self-publishing” †By Lit. Agent David Fugate

â€Å"Im a huge fan of self-publishing† - By Lit. Agent David Fugate â€Å"I'm a huge fan of self-publishing† - An interview with literary agent David Fugate You know we like to bring you some of publishing's most forward-thinking voices here on the Reedsy blog. This interview is one we've been meaning to do for a while, so you won't be disappointed†¦Ã‚  David Fugate is the founder of  LaunchBooks  Literary Agency. He had worked as a literary agent for 20 years before setting it up, and  now represents renowned authors such as Andy Weir (author of The Martian), Scott Berkun (previously interviewed on this blog), or Chris Guillebeau.  He has successfully represented a wide range of fiction and nonfiction projects to more than 40 different publishers that have generated in excess of $20 Million for their authors.If you’re still unsure of what an agent can do for you and whether they’re compatible with self-publishing; or if you’re just curious about the current publishing landscape, this is a must-read.Hi David. We’re honored to have you on the Reedsy blog today. You have started your own agency  b ecause "you knew exactly what kind of books you wanted to work on". What's been the biggest challenge in "starting from scratch"?Thanks very much for having me. This August will actually make it 10 years since I founded LaunchBooks and so many incredible things have happened in that time that it almost feels like anything before LaunchBooks was another lifetime at this point.There were plenty of challenges in the beginning, though. When I left my previous agency to found LaunchBooks in 2006, I left with nothing. The way that agency was set up, the authors were technically clients of the agency, not my clients. That meant when I left I had no residual income, no clients, and no guarantee that any of my clients would want to come with me to LaunchBooks.I also left with the plan to radically change my focus from what had predominantly been computer and technology titles to a much broader range of trade nonfiction and eventually fiction. That meant some clients who did want to come with me wouldn't be a fit for what I was trying to do at LaunchBooks, which was as tough personally as it was professionally.The goal was to focus only on projects I found personally compelling. My thinking was that with no one looking over my shoulder at quarterly numbers, I'd take on what I loved and let the chips fall where they may. If it worked, great, and we succeeded together. If it failed, then my author and I both failed working on something we really cared about. "The goal was to focus only on projects I found personally compelling." @LaunchBooks Of course, all of that meant I had to really hit the ground running to find new authors and projects to represent. And since publishing money can be slow money, that meant lighting a lot of money on fire that first year while I started developing projects and getting things going. That part was thrilling, but also scary.Luckily for me, things have worked out better than I could've imagined back then and after what will now be ten years of consecutive growth, my only regret in founding LaunchBooks is that I didn't do it sooner. I really love what I do and I've been fortunate to work with some truly incredible authors.When you first approached Andy Weir about the Martian, he told you he didn't need an agent. What did you do to change his mind?I'd like to say that I made some kind of grand, persuasive argument, but it was simple, really. I told Andy it wouldn't cost him anything to let me give it a shot. I don't make any money until my author gets paid and I made it clear that if he was n't blown away by whatever deal I brought to him, he could pass and continue self-publishing the book. It's hard to beat zero risk and free.I also don't think Andy had a real sense of the kind of deal (and publisher) I was talking about, so when Julian Pavia over at Random House was as excited about the book as I thought he'd be, and when I presented the terms to Andy, he was thrilled to take it. Thankfully, I think everyone is happy that he did (even Matt Damon and Ridley Scott).You have been one of the first agents to embrace self-publishing as a valid publishing option for authors. The first ever author you represented, Ingrid Croce, has actually been successfully self-publishing since she got the rights back to her book. Now, for LaunchBooks you consider proposals from authors who are self-published and are looking for print and/or foreign rights deals?I'm a huge fan of self-publishing (in all its myriad forms) and what it has done for both authors and readers. I think it's amaz ing that it's no longer a question of if your work will be published, but how. I also find it tremendously gratifying to know that if what you're doing is good, you absolutely will have an opportunity to find an audience for it. It just feels like a much more hopeful, positive environment in which to be a writer. In fact, I often tell writers that now is the best time, in the entire history of the written word, to be a writer. "Now is the best time, in the entire history of the written word, to be a writer." @LaunchBooks I even self-published my own book, The Unconventional Guide to Book Publishing. Well, I say self-published, but it was actually published by Chris Guillebeau, who I also represent. So he's both my client and my publisher. How fun is that?Many of the authors I work with - including some of my biggest selling authors - either started out self-publishing, or still self-publish certain works as part of their overall strategy. That includes NYT bestselling authors like Andy Weir, Chris Guillebeau, DJ Molles, and many others.That said, I don't typically look for projects to pick up just for print or foreign rights. I'll, of course, consider anything, as every situation is different, but my focus is finding those authors I can pitch to the major publishers and help take their careers to an entirely different level.A question I often get from authors is whether by self-publishing digitally they kill any chance of the book being really really successful in print later (if picked up by a pub lisher). What's your take on it?Oh, I don't think it does at all. A quick check of Publishers Marketplace shows more than 400 deals in their database for books that were initially self-published, and that trend will only get stronger. And of course, some truly major books - The Martian, included! - started out life as self-published books. Publishers Marketplace shows more than 400 deals for books that were initially self-published. When a self-published book does well, it can not only help your chances of getting the book picked up by a major publisher - if that's what you want - it can also put you in line to receive a much bigger deal than you would have otherwise.Where it can be problematic is if you self-publish a book and it doesn't sell well. At that point there's really not much you can do because publishers' responses will essentially be "The market has spoken." When it comes to self-published books, publishers only bet on success, which makes sense when you think about it. "When it comes to self-published books, publishers only bet on success." @LaunchBooks So my advice for anyone who wants to self-publish first is: do it well. And if you're unsure about whether you want to traditionally publish or self-publish my advice is often to try traditional publishing first. If you approach it the right way, you can figure out very quickly if it will work with a traditional publisher. And if not, you can always self-publish and all you've lost is a little time.However, for anyone who wants to self-publish their book first, the key is to make sure you really go for it. Don't just put it out there and hope that readers will somehow discover it. Have a marketing plan and pursue it with more of an entrepreneurial mindset. That can be difficult for some authors, but given the amount of noise out in the market, if you want to really give your work a chance to do well, you have to do what it takes to let readers know it's out there.When I read your fiction "submissions" section, I personally thought "I'd like to read every fiction work this agent repre sents". I wish you had an email list I could subscribe to. That led me to thinking: don't you think there is currently a lost opportunity for agents in building actual reader-facing brands?I'm not sure about that. I tend to think that any time I'd have to spend working to develop a reader facing brand of my own - and we could be talking about quite a bit of time there - would be better spent working on behalf of my authors. After all, it's not about me. It's about the authors I work with.I even find it a little uncomfortable when people want to congratulate me on books I've worked on, whether it's The $100 Startup, The Martian, The Remaining, The Fold, Ghost in the Wires, or any of the books I've been involved with. I'll often respond with something like, "Thanks, but I didn't write a word of it." "Yea," they'll say, laughing a little, "but you helped make it happen." That's true, but it's also true that none of my authors' books are successful simply because I represented them. T hey're successful because the author wrote a book that readers loved and told others about. And that's the result of the months and sometimes years of hard work their authors poured into them.And just thinking about it at a higher level, does anyone outside of Hollywood know who represents Robert Downey, Jr? What about Scarlett Johansson, Chris Pratt, or Matthew McConaughey (all awesome, by the way)? People inside publishing might know who represents George R.R. Martin, Stephen King, or Haruki Murakami, but do any readers? I doubt many would and I also think that's the way it should be.As long as I know that having me involved in the project is a net benefit for my authors then I'm happy. Let the authors have recognition from readers. They're the ones who deserve it. "Let the authors have the recognition from readers. They're the ones who deserve it." @LaunchBooks You can visit the LaunchBooks website here, and follow David on Twitter here.Would you agree that "now is the best time to be a writer"? How do you see the role of the agent changing in the next few years? Let us know your thoughts, or any questions for David, in the comments below!

BAD NEWS MESSAGES Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BAD NEWS MESSAGES - Assignment Example The program guarantees insurance of all legal members, but excludes the non-employees from the benefit. The involvement of Uniquix company legally employees enhances a smooth planning process for the program. The management is able to account for the number of employees of Uniquix Company. However, the current scenario has posed a great challenge to the management and the human resource management. The sneaking of the unscrupulous people to the program has increased the cost for the program and caused speculation among the managers. This is because there is uncertainty pertaining to the resources allocated to the human resource department and the number of non-registered employees who require exemption from the program. The issue has caused uproar in the Uniquix company management because of the limitation of the company’s resources. In this regard, there is need for corporate responsibility in the elimination for the menace. The staff ought to be vigilant of the strangers in the fitness program. The non-employees should be reported to the Uniquix company authority to save the company’s resources. The staff should take the initiative of knowing the Uniquix company employees. This will help in the identification of non-employees. The human resource management part will ensure that sophisticated information management systems are introduced at the on-site fitness program to screen the employees who take part in the program (Martin, 2010). The information system will capture the employee details including the names, the date of birth, the sex, the insurance unique numbers, and other biometric features. This results in the reduction of the cost of development and growth of employees of Uniquix Company. Concerted effort in the identification and consequent elimination of non-employees is essential. This move will improve the productivity of the company and help gain a competitive mileage. The

Founding of Ross Screenprint Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Founding of Ross Screenprint - Research Paper Example s refined his idea about T-Shirts and eventually started Ross Screenprint as a small business that served residents within the town in early 1993 (Ross Screenprint, N.p). Despite facing various challenges such as market uncertainty, funds constraint, and inadequate supplies of T-Shirts, Daniel Ross was quite optimistic that his business will grow and serve the interests of the community while still maintaining the overall purpose that was to generate profits. He took the bold step and went out of his way to seek for financial assistance and advice from close family members including his father who perpetually motivated him to move on with the dazzling, and apparently precarious idea. When forming Ross Screenprint, Daniel was aware of the fact that the design industry required an empathetic approach. In 2008, for instance, the business was faced with the challenge of a potential failure resulting from the worsening economic situations that were fueled by the 2007/08 economic recession. However, Daniel demonstrated his management ability by regulating the production of T-shirts and reducing the costs of customizing clothes. Apparently, no customer was left behind, and his concern for customers made his business thrive amidst the hostile economic environment (Palmer, 122). He has always stayed engaged and motivation, vital factors that have helped the business to maintain a strong customer-base. Under the assistance of Industry Canada that works with firms in several areas to ensure Canada’s innovative performance and improve the economic conditions to attract investors, Ross Screenprint started growing and expanding its services in 1994. Daniel Ross, the company’s CEO and major executive, immediately realized that there was the need to include more people in the administration of the venture. Consequently, he hired three people who helped him in managing the affairs of the business as well as spread the word about the existence of the business. As the company

Geometry in Everyday Life Essay Example for Free

Geometry in Everyday Life Essay A solar water heater is the most competitive alternative to conventional water heating methods such as electric geysers and fuel-fed boilers. It makes an attractive and sustainable option, with its global distribution, pollution free nature, virtually inexhaustible supply and near-zero operational cost. Solar water heaters run on a free fuel (i. e. sunshine), thus saving on energy costs that help recover its initial cost in just 2-4 years. Hot water throughout the year: the system works all year round, though youll need to heat the water further with a boiler or immersion heater during the winter months. Cut your bills: sunlight is free, so once youve paid for the initial installation your hot water costs will be reduced. Cut your carbon footprint: solar hot water is a green, renewable heating system and can reduce your carbon dioxide emissions. Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called collectors, fitted to your roof. These collect heat from the sun and use it to heat up water which is stored in a hot water cylinder. A boiler or immersion heater can be used as a back up to heat the water further to reach the temperature you want. There are two types of solar water heating panels: evacuated tubes (as in the picture above) flat plate collectors, which can be fixed on the roof tiles or integrated into the roof. Larger solar panels can also be arranged to provide some contribution to heating your home as well. However, the amount of heat provided is generally very small and it is not normally considered worth while. Maintenance costs for solar water heating systems are generally very low. Most solar water heating systems come with a five-year or ten-year warranty and require little maintenance. Once fitted your installer should leave written details of any maintenance checks that you can carry out from time to time, ensuring everything is working properly. Perhaps the most important thing you can check for yourself from time to time is whether there are any leaks. If there are any leaks of anti-freeze (even if you can’t see any liquid) this will have a strong smell. If you notice this you should contact your installer. In general you should keep an eye on your system to check that it is doing what it has been designed to do. If you are not getting hot water or the solar pipework is cold (when the pump is running) on warm, sunny days then again you should contact your installer. For peace of mind some installation companies offer an annual service check. You should have your system checked more thoroughly by an accredited installer every 3-7 years, or as specified by your installer. It is likely that after this period of time the anti-freeze that is used to protect your system in the winter months will need to topped up or be replaced as it breaks down over time reducing the performance of your system. Anti-freeze lasts better if the solar water system is used throughout the year and not left unused during the warmest weeks of the year. This cost of replacing the anti-freezer is usually around ? 100. The other thing that your installer should check is the pump. In a well maintained system, pumps can last for ten years plus and usually cost around ? 90 to replace. Solar water heating systems can achieve savings on your energy bills. Based on the results of our recent field trial, typical savings from a well-installed and properly used system are ? 60 per year when replacing gas heating and ? 5 per year when replacing electric immersion heating; however, savings will vary from user to user. Typical carbon savings are around 230kgCO2/year when replacing gas and 500kgCO2/year when replacing electric immersion heating. Spherical reflector type cooker Spherical mirrors are the simplest type of concentrator and are easy to build and use. It is easy to focus sun rays, and if one opts for a moving vessel to meet the focus, cooking can also be done very easily. Such a design was suggested for the first time in the year 1961 by Stam (1961). He suggested a large reflector of 4. m diameter made of local material which could even include mud, and the reflector surface suitably smoothed with fine mud/cement and coated with aluminized polyester. An appropriate technology handbook describes a simple method of construction of the spherical mirror in the ground (a tall tripod with a long string to which a stone is attached at the tip, will act as a guide for excavating a hollow in the ground) and after finishing and stabilizing the interior, the reflector material could be stuck to make it into a spherical mirror. Such a mirror, of about 2. m in diameter, would do useful work for at least five to six hours a day. The cooking vessel could be hung from the tripod or a suitable stand and positioned to meet the focus. Dan Halacy (1974) suggests a similar design. He uses two full and several half cardboard ribs to fabricate the base and attaches mylar film as a reflector. This device was meant mainly for campers. Bamboo and/or other locally available materials could be used to fabricate such hemispherical baskets. Recently Prof. Quintone of the United Kingdom has taken up this design and is trying to popularize it in places likePeru. In his beautifully designed and illustrated site he presents detailed instructions on fabricating the design and using it. The cooker below is a simple steel bowl used for carrying sand, is coated with a reflector foil and a blackened cooking vessel is put in it. The entire assembly is covered over by a flat sheet glass. The design is very similar toSuryakund cited by Kuhnke et al in their book Solar Cookers in the third world. In Suryakund, the vessels are kept in a inverted glass jar. Like Suryakund, this cooker too would suffer from limitation of size. Unfortunately, this simple design has not attracted much attention, but on a very big scale, like in power generation (as in Marseilles, France), such a hemispherical mirror is being used (Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1981). Scientists ofAustralia (Anon. 1979) have presented a similar design. Margaret Koshoni developed the Cone Cooker to suit the needs of Nigerian women. Most people live in flats with balconies; the structure of the balconies will shade the CooKit and make a shadow. The Cone Cooker being placed on a stand has the advantage of elevation and the stand can be moved about without disturbing the cooking. Medved et al. , propose an interesting design (1996) called a SOLAR BALL. It is an inflatable plastic ball with lower part of reflective material. The cooking vessel is kept at the base. It is an interesting variation but there appears to be some serious limitations with reference to size of the ball as well as size and handling of the cooking vessel. Recently, the spherical geometry seems to have made a come back, and we see that at Auroville in India a 15 meter diameter mirror cooks food for over 1500 persons. A similar large solar bowl was built at the University of Mexico. photovoltaic solar cells PV cells are made from layers of semi-conducting material, usually silicon. When light shines on the cell it creates an electric field across the layers. The stronger the sunshine, the more electricity is produced. Groups of cells are mounted together in panels or modules that can be mounted on your roof. The power of a PV cell is measured in kilowatts peak (kWp). Thats the rate at which it generates energy at peak performance in full direct sunlight during the summer. PV cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Most PV systems are made up of panels that fit on top of an existing roof, but you can also fit solar tiles. Solar tiles and slates Solar tiles are designed to be used in place of ordinary roof tiles. A system made up of solar tiles will typically cost around twice as much as an equivalent panel system, although you will save the money you would have spent on roof tiles or slates. Solar tile systems are not normally as cost-effective as panel systems, and are usually only considered where panels are not considered appropriate for aesthetic or planning reasons. Solar PV needs little maintenance – youll just need to keep the panels relatively clean and make sure trees dont begin to overshadow them. In the UK panels that are tilted at 15Â ° or more have the additional benefit of being cleaned by rainfall to ensure optimal performance. Debris is more likely to accumulate if you have ground mounted panels. If dust, debris, snow or bird droppings are a problem they should be removed with warm water (and perhaps some washing-up liquid or something similar – your installer can advise) and a brush or a high pressure hose (or telescopic cleaning pole) if the panels are difficult to reach. Always be careful if you are working above the ground or near the top of a ladder. Alternatively, there are a number of specialist window cleaning companies who will clean solar PV panels for you at a cost (of around ? 30 based on our research in March 2012) depending on the size of your array and location. Many of these companies use a water fed pole system which does away with the need for a ladder. Once fitted, your installer should leave written details of any maintenance checks that you should carry out from time to time to ensure everything is working properly. This should include details of the main inverter fault signals and key trouble-shooting guidance. Ideally your installer should demonstrate this to you at the point of handover. Keeping a close eye on your system and the amount of electricity it’s generating (alongside the weather conditions) will familiarise you with what to expect and alert you to when something might be wrong. The panels should last 25 years or more, but the inverter is likely to need replacing some time during this period, at a current cost of around ? 1,000. Consult with your installer for exact maintenance requirements before you commit to installing a solar PV system. Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric current results that can be used as electricity. The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft. Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established, and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications. A number of solar cells electrically connected to each other and mounted in a support structure or frame is called a photovoltaic module. Modules are designed to supply electricity at a certain voltage, such as a common 12 volts system. The current produced is directly dependent on how much light strikes the module. Photovoltaic solar plants work like this: As light hits the solar panels, the solar radiation is converted into direct current electricity (DC). The direct current flows from the panels and is converted into alternating current (AC) used by local electric utilities. Finally, the electricity travels through transformers, and the voltage is boosted for delivery onto the transmission lines so local electric utilities can distribute the electricity to homes and businesses. Solar-Thermal plants work like this: Solar collectors capture and concentrate sunlight to heat a synthetic oil called therminol, which then heats water to create steam. The steam is piped to an onsite turbine-generator to produce electricity, which is then transmitted over power lines. On cloudy days, the plant has a supplementary natural gas boiler. The plant can burn natural gas to heat the water, creating steam to generate electricity. Solar power plants use the suns rays to produce electricity. Photovoltaic plants and solar thermal systems are the most commonly used solar technologies today. ` Solar cells such as these are used in photovoltaic solar technology There are two types of solar power plants. They are differentiated depending on how the energy from the sun is converted into electricity either via photovoltaic or solar cells, or via solar thermal power plants. Photovoltaic plants A photovoltaic cell, commonly called a solar cell or PV, is a technology used to convert solar energy directly into electricity. A photovoltaic cell is usually made from silicon alloys. Particles of solar energy, known as photons, strike the surface of a photovoltaic cell between two semiconductors. These semiconductors exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect, which causes them to absorb the photons and release electrons. The electrons are captured in the form of an electric current in other words, electricity. Solar thermal power plants A solar thermal plant generates heat and electricity by concentrating the suns energy. That in turn builds steam that helps to feed a turbine and generator to produce electricity. There are three types of solar thermal power plants: 1) Parabolic troughs This is the most common type of solar thermal plant. A solar field usually contains many parallel rows of solar parabolic trough collectors. They use parabola-shaped reflectors to focus the sun at 30 to 100 times its normal intensity. The method is used to heat a special type of fluid, which is then collected at a central location to generate high-pressure, superheated steam. 2) Solar power tower This system uses hundreds to thousands of flat sun-tracking mirrors called heliostats to reflect and concentrate the suns energy onto a central receiver tower. The energy can be concentrated as much as 1,500 times that of the energy coming in from the sun. A test solar power tower exists in Juelich in the western German state of North-Rhine Westphalia. It is spread over 18,000 square meters (194,000 square feet) and uses more than 2,000 sun-tracking mirrors to reflect and concentrate the suns energy onto a 60-meter-high (200 foot high) central receiver tower. The concentrated solar energy is used to heat the air in the tower to up to 700 degrees Celsius (1,300 degrees Fahrenheit). The heat is captured in a boiler and is used to produce electricity with the help of a steam turbine. Solar thermal energy collectors work well even in adverse weather conditions. Theyre used in the Mojave Desert in California and have withstood hailstorms and sandstorms. 3) Solar pond This is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. It uses so-called salinity-gradient technology. Basically, the bottom layer of the pond is extremely hot up to 85 degrees Celsius and acts as a transparent insulator, permitting sunlight to be trapped from which heat may be withdrawn or stored for later use.

Emergency and Oral Contraceptives :: Birth Control Expository Essays

Emergency and Oral Contraceptives Contraception is the intentional prevention of conception or pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Contraceptives are more than 99 percent effective, and I believe they are a reliable form of birth control. Men and women want contraception in one form or another that is safe, effective, affordable, and easy to use. Today, more than ever, we have a variety of choices that meet these needs (Winikoff 1). Emergency contraception has been available for more than 25 years and could prevent 1.7 million unintended pregnancies and 800,000 abortions each year in the U.S. It is a safe and effective method of contraception, and women who have used it report high levels of satisfaction. These successfully staggering numbers are evidence of the effectiveness of contraception. A more common name for emergency contraception is the ‘morning after’ pill. But this indeed is an inaccurate generalization. The pill can be taken the night of sexual intercourse, and even up to 72 hours after intercourse. A woman using the emergency contraceptive method should begin taking the recommended dosage within the first 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. The recommended dosage, which is two pills, is to be taken 12 hours apart. For best results, the first pill is to be taken within the 72 hour time frame, yet studies do show effectiveness if taken after that period. The second pill must be taken 12 hours after the first (Samra). The emergency contraceptive pills each contain .05 mg of the hormone ethinyl estradiol and .5 mg of the hormone norgestrel. The ingestion of these hormones is what prevents or delays ovulation. These hormones also can prevent the fertilization of the egg, if one has already been released from the ovary, and may interfere with the implantation of an egg. Scientific evidence suggests the pills work before pregnancy occurs by preventing or delaying ovulation (Syrop). Although emergency contraception is considered safe and effective, it should not be used as an everyday method of contraception. Emergency contraception is not as effective as birth control pills, because of occasions where it is taken too late, and is associated with more uncomfortable side effects. The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting (Syrop). Another form of emergency contraception deals with the insertion of a copper-T intrauterine device (IUD) within five days of unprotected sex. Insertion of this device is more effective than emergency contraception. Inserting an IUD can prevent implantation of a fertilized egg 99 percent of the time, and can be left in place for up to ten years if desired (Syrop).

Cruise Tourism Industry

Cruise tourism industry is has become the most important icon of modern tourism in the 21st century. This has mainly been prompted by the changing human utilitarian demands and globalization which makes it much easier to move and interact with environment and other people. Besides, it has been boosted by vast advancement in technology that makes it easy for the people to move out within the highest considerations of safety, comfort, and precise predetermination of the expected destination.Cruise tourism industry has given the tourism total revolution making the industry to be one of the most important sectors in the world economy (Kingston, 2006). However the development and future of the industry is highly dependent on the emergent issues that directly affect the world economy as the main source of consumers for the industry, the international peace & stability especially of the destination regions, the environmental considerations for the industry, and the regions of destination. O f greater importance however, is the consumers desire to explore and experience new aspects and phenomenon different from their home settings.Besides, it forms a direct platform for effective research in different aspects of psychology, natural sciences, social interactions and technological applications (Wood, 2000). Therefore, it depicts a coterminous entity upon where vast applications can be simultaneously applied and studied with ease. Overview of the cruise industry Historical background and development of the industry The current Cruise tourism industry has a long history dating back to the late 19th century when Prinzessin Victoria Luise was finished and commissioned by Hamburg-American Line Company for Transatlantic expeditions.However, historians argue that cruise voyages have existed since the famous travel of Christopher Columbus. Though scholars have sharply been divided over the issue, a common ground appears to have been reached with re-definition of tourism and chara cterisation of its different aspects. Most of the ancient voyages were driven by desire to search for new lands and exploit them for economic gains and less concerned with need for pleasure and site seeing of the current tourism (Kingston, 2006).However, it is very clear that the modern system has directly been shaped by the historical connotations and vastly modified by advancement in technology to reflect its present situation. During the mid 20th century, intercontinental travellers largely used ships for their movement due to the resultant comfort and good experience attached to it (Abraham & Yoel, 1999). However, most of them were directly travel oriented and had less to do with tourism demands. It was due to these experiences that the current systems of massive cruise ships largely establish its basement and progress.More cruise ships specifically meant for holiday were established with greater emphasis for comfort and satisfaction being given much higher priorities (Charles & Brent, 2006). However, most of the cruise considerations were thought to be reservations for the upper class while the lower classes had no position in the same type of expeditions. The current cruise ships are fully inclusive and entirely meant for all the people as the cost adjusts downwards with the rising suppliers of the services. Organization and management Due to the high returns from the industry, massive investments have been mobilized by the different cruise industries.Unlike the previous travelling where much smaller and simpler systems operated with greater focus of transferring people from one destination to another only, the current cruise ships are organised much like float hotels with complete hospitality staff. In the Royal Caribbean International, the staffs in the ship are equal or slightly less than the number of tourists on-board. Effective coordination and management with technicians, engineers, security, and astrologists form the technical bench in the MS Libe rty of the Seas.Besides, they are well manned from the land by constant coordination with the base surveillance monitoring unit via satellite. In the Minors of the Sea, several thousand meals are several thousand meals are served at any particular sitting. The system has been equated to an ecological unit with all the systems highly interdependent and fully self sustaining with minimal external monitoring. Demand for the cruise tourism Since late 1980s, the demand for cruise tourism has strongly risen globally as different generations change the approach to tourism to become part of their lifestyle demands which sets a strong mark of achievement.Compared to the demand during the ‘rebirth' of the industry in 1980s', the demand had doubled by the year 2005. An average of 500,000 people in North America took cruises by the onset of 1980s (Zeneth, 2008). However, the industry was marred by uncertainty due to poor development of technology and lack of enough information for the ind ustry. Besides, cruising was mostly undertaken in US and Eastern Europe only with other countries being at the tender ages of developing their systems. Since then, the demand has been rising at an average rate of 8% annually and is expected to reach a total of 10 million cruises by the year 2007.This number has been projected to continue rising as more players have ventured into the market shifting the previously upper class venture consideration to an all people exercises for faster expansion of the business. By 2015, it is predicted that the number of people cruising the oceans will reach 17 million a 70% increase on the 2000 total number. According to the cruise lines international (CLIA), the demand from the people is double the current number of the cruisers but strongly restricted by location which hinders accessibility (Chris et al, 2008).The most visited region is the Caribbean with over 80% of the tourists it every year. Europe regions are also greatly visited especially al ong the Mediterranean Sea routes. However, fast demand is shifting to the Baltic land along Copenhagen, Tallinn, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg ports. Supply of cruise tourism Arguably, the supply of Cruise Tourism has been rising very fast over the last three decades. However, the pace is considered to be a slow one compared to the level of demand by the people for the same services.As indicated earlier cruise tourism is one of the most expensive ventures in the world. Though most travellers view is as a system of get-enjoy-achievement, the underlying harmonization entails vast demands in terms of engineering, coordination and human labour management, security connotation, and international considerations of environment and related protocols. As a result, only few industries have been wiling to venture into the complicated business (Charles &Brent, 2006). This has left the field to smaller ships with much lower holding capacities to operate the lucrative business.The modern carriers are generally much bigger with massive and advanced facilities to hold and secure more consumers with higher levels of comfort during the voyage. Currently, Carnival Corporations is one of the largest cruise companies owning Princess Cruise ship, Swan Hellenic, P& O Cruises and Costa Cruises among others operating US and Europe. By 2010, the company aims at having over 100 cruise ships added to the current 200 operating in the sea. Other major operators and suppliers of the services include Royal Caribbean which is highly established in the North American region.It serves the tourists even to further destinations like Bermuda regions and the polar areas. Norwegian Cruise Lines serves most of the Europe especially along the Mediterranean sea with extension to the polar regions and the Baltic lands. Currently, cruise tourism is becoming a mass market with other major players like India, China, Japan, and Singapore establishing their cruising tourism systems to tap the fast r ising demand. In US, 1/3 of the cruise sails from the port of Miami with others sailing from Port Everglades, Port Canaveral, New York, Tampa, Galveston, and San Juan.Many of the UK cruise lines operate from Barbados (Zeneth, 2008). Economic aspects of cruise tourism Due to the high demands for the cruise services in the world, most of the countries have greatly reaped from the establishment. With the currently demand being expected to rise to 11. 9 and 5. 3 million in America and Europe respectively, World Trade Organization indicates that the sector will form a strong economic support for the individual countries by the year 2015. International Council of Cruise Lines indicates that the industry is riding a strong line of consumer demand improving the economic conditions in North America.According to Zeneth (2008), an average economic impact of the cruise industry spending is estimated at US $ 1, 523 million annually including the total consumption of the ship and passengers. Owin g to the current growth rate of the industry, the amount is expected to double as the industry becomes more vibrant and more players venture into the business. Most of the seaports where the cruise ships take off have highly developed from the business. Scholars argue that the â€Å"flavour and taste† of port cities like Miami, St.Peters burg and Barbados have fully changed to reflect the new ideals of superiority and expensive derivation. The efficiency of the services and facilities offered in these towns have greatly increased with modern aspects relating to cruise tourism improving with speed to cater for the fast growing business (Chris et al, 2008). In Australia, the Cruise industry is expected to contribute immensely to the country's economy in the next decade. Most of the industries specializing in human services provision have found special niches where they can get fast market for their products and services.Environmental aspects of cruise tourism Though this indust ry is fast growing and offering vast promises to the investors and the economy, major concerns have been cited in its application and which requires strong consideration necessary for reducing possible negative effects. Over the years, environment has become a major concern for the cruise tourism industry. Taking into consideration that most of the cruise ships are very large and hold vast numbers of people, the system is also expected to generate vast wastes and emissions into the environment as it tries to sustain them and itself (Sarah & Claudia, 2008).Most of the cruise ships are petroleum driven and consume vast quantities of fuel. This is mainly used in production of electricity used in cooking, propelling the ship and maintaining its on-board supportive systems. As a result, it releases vast emissions into the atmosphere contributing to global warming. With the current rise in production and use of large cruise ship in the world, their total contribution into the atmosphere h as been projected to surpass vehicles production by 2015.A large Cruise ship like Royal Caribbean International has been indicated to have higher capacity to produce envisions equal to to production of 1200 cars (Zeneth, 2008). Owing to the large numbers of the people involved, vast quantities of food prepared and served, supportive services like cleaning and maintenance of these ships during the voyages, they release a lot of effluents and solid wastes into the sea. Most of the petroleum effluents have high sulphur contents that easily change the properties the immediate water threatening the vast biodiversity in the cruise ship travelling lines.Cleaning and maintenance of the cruise ship involves use of chemicals that too end up in the waste stream coming from the ship. The argument that ocean water forms strong and effective dilution mediums that have high capacity to assimilate most of their wastes is totally wrong. The International Convention for the Prevention of Ship Polluti on denotes the essence of respecting the ecological integrity and sanctity necessary for harmonious coexistence of all the ecosystems. During the year 2002, the massive death of Penguins in the southern polar region was attributed to ship pollution (Sarah & Claudia, 2008).Solid wastes management has also posed massive threats to the wildlife in the sea. Most of the lines along the cruise ship path ways highly littered with plastic bags and metallic cans for refreshments. Conclusion and recommendation Cruise ship industry has been growing at a tremendous rate since mid 20th century. This has been caused by the fast rising demand and opening up of the industry to all the people as opposed to the prior social classes consideration. As a result more players and investors have entered into the industry opening its lager contribution to the world economy.Arguably, the last two decades have seen US and Europe dominate the world cruise market with large percentage. However, other players fr om developing countries have effectively come up to participate in fast growing sector. Cruise tourism holds the key to the future of tourism industry as people change their consumerism patterns for different services (David & Richard, 2008). However, the industry should address issues relating to its negative impacts especially to the environment.Most importantly, the company owners should establish better ships that have higher fuel combustion efficiency in order to reduce the overall emissions to the atmosphere. Besides, liquid and solid waste treatment systems should also be installed to reduce their poisonous nature to the marine environment along the routes that these cruise ships follow. Reference list Abraham, P. & Yoel, M. (1999). Consumer behaviour in travel and tourism. Bonn: Haworth Press. Chris, C. , John, F. , Stephen, W. & David, G. (2008). Tourism: Principles and Practice. Geneva: Pearson Education. Charles, R. &Brent, R. (2006).Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philos ophies. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Kingston, R. (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. New York: CABI. David, J. & Richard, S. (2008). Tourism and Development in the Developing World. London: R outledge publishing press. Sarah, V. & Claudia, C. (2008). Water Pollution Issues and Developments. Brussels: Nova Publishers. Wood, R. (2000) ‘Caribbean cruise tourism: globalization at sea', Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 345-70 Zeneth, P. (2008). Tourism development: Analytical consideration of Cruise tourism industry, Journal of tourism management, 29(41): 401-469

Chronicle of a Death Foretold: a Crime Novel? Essay

DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301/2011 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. EA Swanepoel 48170399 26 March 2012 Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a narration spoken from the different viewpoints of the residents of a river town in Colombia. The novel embarks on an exploration into an unsettling crime to arrive at a solution in order to explain a murder. Many years after the death of protagonist, Santiago Nasar, his close friend returns â€Å"twentyseven years later† (Marquez 1981:1) to question the residents present on the day of the murder. Through analysing into the past, the story turns investigative and portrays elements of a detective novel. A typical crime novel usually portrays the author opening the story with a problem (Sansalvador, G. 2010. Film, Literature and Society. Only study guide for WLL2602. Pretoria: University of South Africa), such as the need to solve a crime and discover the perpetrators, the victim or motives behind the crime. The reader is not kept in suspense to be headed to the crime, but is instead made aware of the crime from the beginning. The rest of the novel usually details the crime, obtains clues and solves the problem. The problem is known to the reader beforehand; it is the development of the problem that the reader is oblivious to therefore, the solving plays a crucial part in a detective novel. Such can be found in Chronicle of a Death Foretold, when the first paragraph sets the crime for the reader. The opening statement, â€Å"On the day they were going to kill him† (1981:1), portrays the crime. The reader realises the offense before discovering how it happened. Thus, it is the duty of the narrator, acting as detective, to examine facts and study reports. The narrator does indeed act as detective. He comes â€Å"back to search out the last pieces of testimony† (1981:87) and tries â€Å"to put the broken mirror of memory back together from so many scattered shards† (1981:5). According to Hannah Wallace and W.C. Miller (2006) the narrator continues to give a journalistic explanation of an actual murder. More details are given in the first line of the book. Perhaps like a true detective, the narrator provides little details which otherwise would be forgotten or deemed irrelevant. We learn that the victim is Santiago Nasar; that he â€Å"got up at five-thirty in the morning† and that he had waited â€Å"for the boat the bishop was coming on† (1981:1). As is seen throughout the novel, the narrator often states the time in which certain affairs take place, in order to give the reader a timeline of events. The first line refers to â€Å"they†; the perpetrators of the crime, indicating that the narrator already knows who â€Å"they† are (later to be confirmed on page 14). As an investigative narrative unfolds, the detective finds and reveals clues along the investigative journey. The detective goes forth undertaking various methods of investigation, such as questioning and reading reports. In doing so, he finds evidence that would allow for the consummation of the solution. The detective in Chronicle of a Death Foretold questions numerous people in order to hear their side of the story. It is here where the novel adopts many narrators, each recalling events from his or her point of view. â€Å"All the many people he ran into after leaving his house†¦ remembered him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1981:2) and gave accounts of that day. The detective has to sift through the various interpretations in order to find similarities and discover any falsehoods. The narrator interviews Santiago Nasar’s mother, Placida Linero, where she explains that â€Å"the front door, except for festive occasions, remained closed and barred† (1981:10). This is one clue where the narrator slips into the story. It is only later that the reader realises why it was mentioned at all. The narrator continues on suspicions such as Angela Vicario’s purity because â€Å"no one would have thought nor did anyone say that Angela Vicario wasn’t a virgin† (1981:37). Elaine Swanepoel Student Number: 48170399 WLL2602 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 756601 The reader discovers that Santiago Nasar was remembered with mixed reactions by the people in his community. Some thought well of him while others â€Å"recalled [him] without affection† (1981:7). It is also noteworthy that the narrator, although acting detective, relays to the reader his own perspective of Santiago Nasar. Therefore, while the reader hears accounts from various witnesses, the ultimate perception of Santiago Nasar is that of the narrator. As a result, it could be said that the narrator loses the professionalism of a detective. Furthermore, the imaginative detail given by the narrator works against the journalistic style found in a detective novel, and â€Å"sends the reader into several different conceptual areas between reality and fiction that he then has to disentangle† (SparkNote Editors). Another point is brought to attention. â€Å"There is no mystery surrounding the death of Santiago Nasar† (Wallace, Hannah. Miller, W.C. 2006) therefore, the reader questions the intention of the detective. The detective eventually arrives at a solution and thus, completes the investigation. It could possibly be said that the narrator in Chronicle of a Death Foretold wishes to find the reason why no one bothered to stop the Vicario brothers from murdering Santiago Nasar because â€Å"many of those who were on the docks knew they were going to kill Santiago Nasar.† (1081:18). It is also discussed, although chance events proved wrong, that â€Å"no one even wondered whether Santiago Nasar [had] been warned, because it seemed impossible to all that he hadn’t.† (1981:19). As the detective realises that someone did try warning Santiago Nasar by slipping a note under his doorway before the murder (1981:13), he learns and reveals to the reader that it was not found until after the chaos surrounding the murder. The narrator never truly finds out if Angela Vicario was telling the truth about Santiago Nasar, and many doubted because â€Å"no one had ever seen them together, much less alone together† (1981:90). She swore to the judge it was him â€Å"but with no further precision of either how or where† (1981:101). The narrator argues with the validity of the arrest (or the non-arrest) of the Vicario brothers. Nevertheless Colonel Aponte asserts that â€Å"no one is arrested just on suspicion† (1981:57). Whether this was true of the law, it may very well be that Gabriel Garcia Marquez inserted this line to show how Colonel Aponte, and others, tries justifying his actions. The narrator reveals why the Vicario brothers never saw the light in Santiago Nasar’s bedroom go on. â€Å"He didn’t have to turn on any light to reach his bedroom because the bulb on the stairway stayed lit through the night† (1981:64). After finding the solution, typically the detective will give explanations of the murder. Why did no one warn Santiago Nasar? People thought he already knew (1981:19) and â€Å"the people were too excited with the bishop’s visit to worry about any other news† (1981:20). The narrator provides a list of events for the reader (1981:48-69; 10304) along with a summary (1981:84). While explaining the solution though, the reader is taken back and forth to interviews with residents. Therefore the narrator is still in the phase of discovering truths, while explaining solutions already found. This is perhaps not so typical of a detective novel. On the other hand, the â€Å"back and forth† eventually allows for the narrator to bring the information together so that the reader can perceive how events have turned out. He continues to explain other questions such as why Placida Linero locked the door (1981:119). The uncertainty the crime Santiago Nasar committed is never solved but the narrator provides a reason why it was uncertain. It was because the judge did not find â€Å"a single indication, not even the most unlikely one, that Santiago Nasar had been the cause of the wrong† (1981:100). An explanation of the aftermath of the murder is given (1981:84-99); the narrator adding that â€Å"most of those who could have done something to prevent the crime and still didn’t do it consoled themselves† (1981:98), which further proves the residents trying to justify their actions. In essence, Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote Chronicle of a Death Foretold as an inspired novel (based on true events, Sansalvador, G. 2010) providing a description (or chronicle) of the crime. The narrator and his personal relationship with the victim and the residents, tells the story from his point of view, although he allows others chance to tell theirs. He has read the autopsy report (1981:75) and has scavenged â€Å"some 322 pages filched from the more than 500 that the brief must have had.† (1981:100) Chronicle of a Death Foretold, although not a detective novel, uses elements thereof and turns journalistic as the narrator â€Å"recovered numerous marginal experiences† (1981:43) in order to write up a chronicle based on the â€Å"last pieces of testimony† (1981:87 SOURCES CONSULTED Dictionary.com. [O] Available: http://dictionary.reference.com/ Accessed on 19 March 2012 Marquez, G. 1981. Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Spain: Penguin Books. Sansalvador, G. 2010. Film, Literature and Society. Only study guide for WLL2602. Pretoria: University of South Africa SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Chronicle of a Death Foretold.† [O] Available: http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/chrondeath/ Accessed on 19 March 2012 Wallace, Hannah. Miller, W.C. ed. *Chronicle of a Death Foretold Study Guide : Summary and Analysis of Chapter 2*. [O] Available: http://www.gradesaver.com/chronicle-of-a-death-foretold Accessed on 19 March 2012 Elaine Swanepoel Student Number: 48170399 WLL2602 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 756601

Prince Obike Essays - Movements For Civil Rights, Free Essays

Prince Obike Essays - Movements For Civil Rights, Free Essays Prince Obike AFRO 133 Dr. Joshua Myers 18 October 2018 There is a River "Vincent Harding's, "There is a River" illustrates the black experience in America while providing a historical summary of how African Americans have struggled for justice in the United States. "There is a River" describes black radicalism by using the river as a metaphor for the black struggle to convey the tradition of black protest and other forms of reaction to white oppression.In Harding's view, the river symbolizes expectation for a greater future for African Americans. African Americans are the river, Harding states that African Americans struggles are "long continuous movement, flowing...sometimes powerful,tumultuous, and rolling with life; and at other times meandering and turgid; covered with ice and snow of seemingly endless winters, all too often streaked and running with blood".Vincent Harding's "There is a River" uses the metaphor of a river to not only describe the complicated experiences of African Americans, but also uses the metaphor to connect the past an d the present predicaments of blacks in America in terms of internal battles within the black community, white hegemonic attacks against black communities and businesses, and ultimately the metaphor can be used as a rallying cry for the future expansion of black rights and dignity. Harding uses the river metaphor to equate water to many existing methods of illustrating the black experience. For example, the river can represent a continuous story of the struggle for civil rights. Water and the river are used as metaphor for freedom. When Harding describes African Americans struggles a a "long continuous movement" such as a river I believe that is also a reference to time. When the North America was first colonized by Europeans, the was a lot of land that needed work. Labour was needed to work the land so that the colonies could begin to profit from the land . Women and men both participated in the labor. It even got to point to where other europeans who were indentured servants were sent over to help with the land. Eventually around the 17th century the europeans decided to send over a boat of slaves to help with the land. The used these slaves to help with crops such as tobacco, which was the America's most profitable crop.By the time the American Revoluti on started and ended the south was flourishing because of how well the tobacco industry was going.This was the spark of a "long continuous movement" because soon after Eli whitney invented the cotton gin. This invention made it possible for textile mills to use the type of cotton most easily grown in the South.With the cotton gin so popular, slaves were needed in large numbers again. At this time white people began to dehumanize African Americans.They argued that black people were similar to children. They believe they were doing African Americans a favor because they were incapable of caring for themselves Not only were they caring for African Americans but that also kept them fed, clothed, and occupied. As time progressed African Americans began to become "radical" and know that they were above what they were being told. The Underground Railroad was organized to help slaves escape north to freedom. After years of "stealing" the freedom they were born with , slaves were "freed" in the year 1863, but their "long continuous movement" along that river was nowhere near finished. The new struggle African Americans have to fight with was segregation. This also ushered in the The Civil Rights Movement, that lasted for years, Even though many of the most important achievements in The Civil Rights Movement happened in the 1950s for African Americans, segregation, and racial acts took place every day. African Americans had been fighting against racial segregation since they were brought to the continent.Although he Civil Rights Movement tried to help with the social, economic, physical and political disadvantages they faced it did not solve the hatred rooted in some individuals hearts. The divide between whites and blacks was so severe that many citizens risked their lives to pursue and gain equal rights for the black population. Even the law was set up against African Americans. A "long continuous movement". We are still flowing down